Signal US exits from Paris (twice) and from the UNFCCC in early 2026

Summary

The report finds that the role of the United States in international institutions financing climate and energy policy has been changeable and politically driven. The US has withdrawn from the Paris Agreement twice and in early 2026 also exited the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. The report judges that this creates strategic uncertainty for international cooperation. As a contributor to multilateral climate funds, the US is often reluctant because the issue is a subject of political struggle in Congress. The report further explains that the US car industry still relies heavily on combustion engine technology, and that its lag in commercialising batteries and building production capacity affects its global competitiveness.