Trend Major powers treat science and technology as strategic assets for sovereignty and innovation ecosystems

Summary

The plan's review of major countries finds a common thread in treating science and technology as strategic assets for the economy and national security. Governments are pursuing technology sovereignty and stronger innovation ecosystems through whole-of-government and medium to long-term strategies. The United States is accelerating science and industry through AI while nurturing advanced manufacturing at home. China stresses self-reliance in science and technology, AI integration across the economy and energy transition, and Japan has declared science and technology the source of national power while speeding up region-specific research innovation. The EU has shifted its focus to closing its innovation gap with other major economies and regaining industrial leadership.