S2 Cities & Housing
by main topic: 81
Issues 28
Macroeconomy & Finance 1
- IssueWithout escaping the center-basic, region-industrial yoke, Korea risks reverse growth1 trends · 1 signals
Industry & Supply Chains 9
- IssueBuilding codes rewritten for the climate a building will actually face1 trends · 0 signals
- IssueCollapse of local infrastructure outside the capital region0 trends · 0 signals
- IssueFive poles and three special zones: super-regional mega-regions with integrated transport1 trends · 0 signals
- IssueInfrastructure: productivity measured over the asset lifecycle1 trends · 0 signals
- IssueReigniting regional innovation through large, autonomous R&D in the 5 poles and 3 special zones0 trends · 1 signals
- IssueReviving local commercial districts shrunk by population decline1 trends · 0 signals
- IssueThe plan proposes a '5 poles and 3 special regions' multi-core national structure backed by decentralisation2 trends · 1 signals
- IssueTrade-off between urban agglomeration gains and rural hollowing out1 trends · 1 signals
- IssueUsing the whole playground: agile cross-regional value chains for advanced S&T1 trends · 1 signals
Labor & Future of Work 1
- IssueAbsorption capacity, not supply or demand, is the binding constraint1 trends · 0 signals
Trade & Economic Security 1
- IssueInfrastructure: national strategies lock in access for decades1 trends · 0 signals
Climate Change & Adaptation 2
- IssueCities struggling with overcrowding, inequality, heat, pollution and congestion1 trends · 1 signals
- IssueStrategy 4: spread the benefits of science across regions, classes and generations2 trends · 0 signals
Resources, Food & Water 1
- IssueLife-In-A-Box1 trends · 0 signals
Ecosystems & Biodiversity 1
- IssueDiversifying and multi-layered land use under concentration and depopulation0 trends · 0 signals
Democracy & Governance 4
- IssueInfrastructure: where citizens experience state capacity directly1 trends · 0 signals
- IssueJoint Korea-Japan responses to local extinction through policy, youth and digital cooperation2 trends · 2 signals
- IssuePrioritising urban regeneration over new-town development for relocated agencies1 trends · 1 signals
- IssueTailoring follow-up policies to each innovation-city type0 trends · 2 signals
Tech·Digital Policy 1
- IssueSmart city plans hinge on handling large volumes of data1 trends · 0 signals
Demographics & Migration 3
- IssueHousing shortage and affordability under demographic pressure2 trends · 1 signals
- IssuePolarisation between overcrowded and hollowing cities0 trends · 0 signals
- IssueSome cities are already shrinking in low fertility countries1 trends · 0 signals
Welfare & Health 2
- IssueLinking regional hubs with surrounding small cities through wide-area transport and services0 trends · 1 signals
- IssuePutting a comprehensive settlement package ahead of agency relocation1 trends · 1 signals
AI & Computing 1
- IssueApplying life-history method to cities undergoing technological change1 trends · 0 signals
Energy & Climate Tech 1
- IssueMounting pressure on scarce physical space1 trends · 0 signals
Trends 12
- TrendA triple burden of capital-region concentration, regional industrial crisis and rapid demographic change2 signals
- TrendCapital-region concentration is spreading production and income gaps into asset polarisation1 signals
- TrendCities growing inward: redensification replacing urban sprawl2 signals
- TrendDevelopers are designing projects around the land's ecology instead of clearing it first2 signals
- TrendDigital infrastructure, energy transition and the Arctic route as new growth windows for the regions0 signals
- TrendGrowth of rural municipalities near large metropolitan areas1 signals
- TrendHigh mortgage rates and rents widening intergenerational wealth gaps0 signals
- TrendHousing is being built as a point of care rather than a place near care2 signals
- TrendMegatrend 4: urbanisation5 signals
- TrendRising perceived insecurity after a long decline1 signals
- TrendShrinkage in peripheral regions despite national growth0 signals
- TrendTrend I: Restructuring of national territory and space0 signals
Signals 41
Macroeconomy & Finance 4
- SignalAustralia was the exception as real estate corrected nearly everywhere in 2025
- SignalCapital-region concentration widens output, investment and population gaps
- SignalNon-capital regions' share of Korea's GRDP fell from 51.3% in 2013 to 47.7% in 2023
- SignalThe capital region now holds over half of output and population and a rising share of university places
Industry & Supply Chains 4
- SignalCapital-region concentration persists after two decades of dispersal policy, with the non-capital value added share down to 48 percent
- SignalKey point cites metro, port and airport investment in Central Macedonia
- SignalLifestyle and sensory tools draw 48% interest; devices and smart environments 55%
- SignalUS landlords leased more space to service tenants than to retailers in 2025
Climate Change & Adaptation 4
- Signal15-Minute City Goes Mainstream — Obel Award 2026 / Canadian Cities Policy Adoption
- SignalDenser Spanish cities show more short trips and closer access to services (2021)
- SignalEuropean Environment Agency cited for lower per capita energy and land use in cities
- SignalMorocco Pilots Porous 'Sponge' Pavement to Cool Streets in Marrakech and Agadir
Democracy & Governance 3
Demographics & Migration 9
- Signal80 percent of Spain's population lived in cities in 2024, up from 72 percent in the 1980s
- SignalHousing absorption failing: 5.1 Canadian residents per new home against a 1.9 average
- SignalNew urban definition puts 76.5% of people in cities in 2015, against 54% previously
- SignalNine of ten future megacities expected in the developing world
- SignalOnly eight of Japan's 47 prefectures grew during the high-growth era as Tokyo kept drawing people
- SignalOnly the Seoul capital region kept growing in Korea after the high-growth era
- SignalPopulation outcomes diverge sharply by innovation-city development type
- SignalSingle-person households from 3.4 to possibly 5.1 million by 2060
- SignalStudy finds LLMs can approximate aggregate housing-survey results but fail to preserve population structure
Welfare & Health 3
Education & Generations 2
AI & Computing 3
Space & Mobility 3
Values & Lifestyles 2
Other 4
- Signal43 cities projected above 10 million inhabitants
- SignalBeyond the Desert Label: A Pathway Diagnostic for Smart Mobility Service Design
- SignalNew reforms to bring more long-term empty homes back into use
- SignalRedensification adopted in Toronto, Portland, Auckland and in two districts of Vitoria
Objects with this as a secondary topic 136
Macroeconomy & Finance 17
0-3 years 14
- SignalChina recorded the largest fall in wealth growth as investment, inflation, and property all slowed
- SignalChinese home prices falling for four and a half years and still accelerating
- SignalEquity produced 57% of new household wealth in 2025 against 15% from real estate
- SignalEquity was the largest source of wealth creation in nearly every major economy in 2025
- SignalFrance and Germany lost wealth in 2025 once exchange rate effects are removed
- SignalHousehold debt is back to early-2000s levels in the US and Europe
- SignalHousehold wealth growth accelerated to 7.3% in 2025 from a 5.9% long-run average
- SignalHouseholds hold 95% of all wealth, split about evenly between real and financial assets
- SignalJapan posted the largest wealth upswing, driven mostly by valuation gains after decades of near-zero inflation
- IssueManaging currency, housing, household debt and credit union risks during the 2026 upturn0 trends · 0 signals
- SignalOnly 20% of 2025 wealth growth was real capital formation; drivers split by country
- SignalPer capita household wealth grew in most countries but lagged GDP
- TrendReal estate and private debt recalibrate toward 25-year GDP ratios, helped by inflation5 signals
- SignalRichest 10% hold the bulk of Dutch wealth
4-10 years 2
11-30 years 1
- IssueRestructuring and rising volatility of capital and financial markets0 trends · 1 signals
Industry & Supply Chains 8
- SignalA quarter of India's quick commerce spend comes from Tier 2 and Tier 3 towns
- IssueEnding the split between regional production and capital-region innovation through full-function hubs1 trends · 1 signals
- SignalGWI values wellness real estate at $548 billion and projects over $1 trillion by 2029
- SignalGwangju photonics and Jeonbuk carbon show regions growing national flagship industries
- IssueInnovation leaders frame science and technology as Korea's growth engine and survival strategy0 trends · 0 signals
- SignalJordan extends industrial investment incentives, approves Ma'an support package
- IssueKorea-Mongolia cooperation beyond minerals: rare minerals, new cities, logistics and energy independence0 trends · 0 signals
- SignalSephora paid for rides to stores after a Q1 2025 US sales dip
Labor & Future of Work 1
- IssueAutomation crosses into physical service work once machines undercut wages1 trends · 0 signals
Climate Change & Adaptation 16
0-3 years 7
- Signal5.5 million UK homes and businesses at flood risk; Storm Babet hit 2,100 properties
- SignalFrom Europe to Asia, Floods to Heatwaves, World Experiences Weather Shocks
- SignalIPCC holds Fourth Lead Author Meeting on Special Report on Climate Change and Cities in Bhopal
- SignalMaharashtra Governor Launches Month-Long Drive to Plant One Million Trees in Nagpur
- SignalRecord Heat Deaths Reignite German Debate Over Climate Adaptation Funding
- SignalSea level rise of 3.4 millimetres a year cited for Greek exposure
- SignalUS Climate Alliance and Climate Mayors Launch Joint Partnership at Climate Week NYC
4-10 years 3
- TrendDisasters grow larger and more compound under the climate crisis, while infectious disease risks rise0 signals
- IssueRaising infrastructure design standards for climate-driven floods and droughts1 trends · 0 signals
- TrendTechnology 3: surfaces that cool below ambient temperature without electricity3 signals
11-30 years 4
- SignalKMA SSP projections anchor Korea's 2050 climate: 13.5 to 14.6 degrees Celsius average temperature
- IssueKey point: rising seas and stronger storms on coastal areas1 trends · 1 signals
- IssueSocial infrastructure in the era of climate crisis0 trends · 0 signals
- TrendTrend J: Accelerating climate crisis4 signals
Other 2
- IssueGreen urban planning and crop diversification building resilience1 trends · 0 signals
- SignalSea level up to 1.20 m above 1900 by 2100 in KNMI scenarios
Resources, Food & Water 4
- SignalFood output to double in four decades and water use up 30% by 2030
- IssueMaterial demand may feed local conflict where mining meets farming and cities1 trends · 0 signals
- SignalUSDA's $700 million Regenerative Pilot Program is read as federal alignment
- IssueWater demand rises exponentially while supply turns volatile4 trends · 1 signals
Democracy & Governance 13
- IssueConcentrating second-wave agencies in regional hubs under the five-pole, three-special strategy1 trends · 1 signals
- IssueDigital twins risk reproducing or amplifying existing social gaps1 trends · 0 signals
- SignalJapan's municipalities fell from 3,200 to under 1,720 in the 2000 to 2006 mergers
- SignalJeonnam-Gwangju integrated special city launches in July 2026 as regional mergers gather pace
- SignalKorea's first wave relocated 153 public agencies to ten innovation cities and Sejong
- SignalKorea's new government frames regional innovation as national balanced growth
- IssuePlace-based resentment despite small regional inequality0 trends · 0 signals
- IssuePolicy aversion to pairing advanced science with regional innovation1 trends · 2 signals
- SignalRegion-led S&T innovation bill advances in the National Assembly
- TrendRegional S&T policy evolves through a sixty-year thesis-antithesis-synthesis cycle3 signals
- SignalRemedies Abandoned: US Civil Rights Enforcement Under the Trump Administration
- IssueShifting balanced development from even dispersion to selective hub strengthening2 trends · 1 signals
- IssueTechnology decisions move to municipal, hospital and regional actors3 trends · 1 signals
Tech·Digital Policy 3
Demographics & Migration 28
0-3 years 7
- SignalCapital-region share of Korea's population hit a record 51.7 percent in 2023
- SignalMunicipalities under 10,000 residents gained 150,000 people between 2019 and 2022
- SignalNearly half of Korea's 228 local districts are classified as at risk of population extinction
- SignalOnly 71.4 percent of relocated agency staff moved with their families as of June 2025
- SignalSejong drew the largest capital-region inflow but turned to net outflow for the first time in 2025
- SignalSingle mothers forming shared households
- SignalSingle-person households rose from 15.5 percent of Korean households in 2000 to 36.1 percent in 2024
4-10 years 8
- TrendAccelerating regional decline as manufacturing jobs shrink and young people leave2 signals
- TrendAging populations push health systems from acute treatment toward prevention and function2 signals
- TrendMigration infrastructure8 signals
- TrendMigration to innovation cities shifts from job-driven moves to settlement-driven moves3 signals
- SignalPast PwC research finds older adults prefer to age at home if support exists
- TrendPopulation decline turns regional depopulation into a crisis of community safety0 signals
- IssueRegion-led immigration and settlement policy to counter regional decline1 trends · 1 signals
- IssueThe plan's three-track population strategy: overcome low fertility, adapt to structural change and ease regional imbalance1 trends · 0 signals
11-30 years 13
- SignalAll five non-capital metropolitan cities have passed their population peaks
- TrendCapital-region concentration hardens into a question of regional survival2 signals
- TrendConcentration of young people in Tokyo and Seoul drives local extinction5 signals
- TrendDouble ageing and shrinking household size3 signals
- IssueGrowth of single-person and multicultural households0 trends · 1 signals
- SignalJapanese municipalities at risk of extinction fell from 896 to 744 between the 2014 and 2024 assessments
- SignalKorean audit projects most local governments at high risk of extinction by 2067
- TrendMegatrend 3: Demographic change and transition to a shrinking society1 signals
- TrendPopulation decline is spreading to Korea's non-capital regions and their metropolitan hubs3 signals
- TrendPopulation growth continues, with wide uncertainty1 signals
- IssuePopulation growth translates into food, housing, migration and resource pressure1 trends · 0 signals
- TrendSocio-economic shocks from falling births, rapid ageing and regional population imbalance are materialising1 signals
- SignalThe capital region's population share passed 50 percent in 2020 and is projected to reach 53 percent by 2045
Welfare & Health 10
- SignalAir pollution spiked after the Trump administration stopped embassy monitoring
- TrendDeepening regional gaps in healthcare despite public medical support0 signals
- SignalIllinois signs law strengthening assisted living facility standards
- SignalLatin American prison tuberculosis notification runs 29 times community rates
- SignalLife expectancy fell most in the most deprived areas 2018 to 2020
- SignalMitigating Disease Spread by Design in Refugee and IDP Camps
- TrendRisks falling disproportionately on vulnerable groups with compounding disadvantage7 signals
- IssueThe plan proposes a 'basic society' guaranteeing care, income, health, housing, mobility and energy across the life course1 trends · 0 signals
- IssueWeakening foundations of medical and welfare services0 trends · 1 signals
- SignalWidening gaps: population drift to the capital region, falling real wages and a stark wage divide
Education & Generations 3
- IssueLinking schools, regions and industry and state support for youth transitions0 trends · 3 signals
- SignalSchool-age population projected to fall 40 percent by 2040, widening regional education gaps
- IssueTransformation of the education system in a shrinking society0 trends · 1 signals
AI & Computing 7
- SignalA Generative Framework for the Creation of Multi-Attribute Geographically-Explicit Synthetic Populations
- SignalAn Agentic Approach for Active Data Collection, Travel Behavior Modeling, and Weather-Sensitive Demand Prediction
- SignalDigital twins in use for the Mar Menor, Barcelona, Singapore and Zaragoza
- TrendDigital twins of cities and territories to test public policy before acting1 signals
- IssueDistributing AI and data infrastructure and digital talent across super-regions1 trends · 0 signals
- SignalRegions draft their own S&T innovation plans around advanced technologies
- SignalarXiv Preprint Proposes Spatial-Knowledge-Graph LLM Agents for Neighborhood Livability Evaluation
Energy & Climate Tech 16
0-3 years 4
- SignalAustralian households added over 180,000 home batteries in the second half of 2025
- SignalBuilding-sector forecasts are most accurate but face rising uncertainty
- SignalTransmission bottlenecks cut Korean coal plant utilisation from about 61 percent in 2020 to the 48 percent range
- SignalUS power demand rising ~6% a year against eight-year interconnection queues
4-10 years 10
- SignalDesigning for Healthy, Affordable, and Sustainable Human-HVAC Interactions for Heating in Smart Homes
- TrendElectrification of Korean building energy driven by data centres and heat pumps2 signals
- TrendFrom passive buildings to energy-producing cities through distributed microgeneration1 signals
- SignalKEEI projects Korea's building city gas use to fall from 14.0 to 12.9 billion cubic metres by 2030 as heat pumps spread
- IssueKorea's heat pump drive: targets of 690,000 units by 2030 and 3.5 million by 2035 to move heating away from city gas1 trends · 0 signals
- TrendNew building materials for a hotter Spain: transparent wood and passive cooling aerogels0 signals
- IssuePossible tariff increases and weather volatility as constraints on Korean building energy demand1 trends · 0 signals
- IssueRepeated delays in transmission lines to Korea's capital region amid local acceptance conflicts0 trends · 4 signals
- IssueStalled heat transition1 trends · 0 signals
- IssueThe plan proposes an 'energy highway' to expand renewables, deliver RE100 for industry and spread gains to regions1 trends · 1 signals
11-30 years 1
Other 1
- IssuePower without Limits1 trends · 0 signals
Space & Mobility 3
- SignalEASA estimates urban air mobility could cut common city trips by 15 to 40 minutes
- IssueMobility innovation and the evolution of cities0 trends · 1 signals
- TrendUrban air mobility with eVTOL taxis, drones and vertiports2 signals
Digital Infrastructure & Cyber 1
- IssueBuilding new infrastructure for the superintelligence era0 trends · 1 signals
Values & Lifestyles 5
- IssuePaper wealth widens wealth inequality and raises the entry barrier to asset markets1 trends · 1 signals
- SignalPeople with access to social infrastructure report close friends at 32% versus 9%
- SignalSixty percent of US consumers put health and wellness first among home feature drivers
- TrendSocial connection is entering the design brief as physical infrastructure2 signals
- SignalThe 2023 US Surgeon General advisory is cited as what moved loneliness into design
